Local anesthetics play an important role in medicine by providing pain relief during surgical procedures, dental interventions, and various diagnostic tests. Lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine are most commonly used due to their effective analgesic properties and...
Pain relief is a fundamental aspect of medical care and patient well-being. Various mechanisms underlie the relief of pain, ranging from the suppression of pain signals to the modulation of neurotransmitters and the activation of endogenous pain-relieving pathways....
Prophylactic medications play a pivotal role in modern surgery and anesthesia, aiming to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. These medications are administered preoperatively to address specific risks associated with surgery and anesthesia and most...
Pain management is a critical part of the recovery process after surgery. Improved postoperative analgesia has benefits for not only patient outcomes but also healthcare costs. Some surgeries come with significant postoperative pain and have benefitted from multimodal...
Today in the United States, approximately 1 in every 500 individuals lives with an ostomy [1]. Used to treat various diseases of the digestive and urinary systems, an ostomy is a surgical procedure carried out to create an opening in the abdomen, creating a new way...
Medicare is the largest purchaser of prescription drugs in the United States, covering more than 60 million seniors and people with disabilities (4). However, unlike private companies, Medicare has not been allowed to directly negotiate drug prices with manufacturers,...
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