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Individual Variability in Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) Level Required for Anesthesia
The minimum dose needed to induce anesthesia, known as minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), of an...
IV Magnesium as an Adjuvant in the OR
Intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate is an increasingly utilized perioperative adjuvant in the...
Animal-Derived Medications Used in the OR
Modern surgery relies on many medications to ensure patient safety, control bleeding, prevent...
Postoperative Pain Management in Opioid-Naive Patients
For opioid-naive patients (patients who have not taken opioids before), careful pain management...
Inspired Oxygen Concentration (FiO₂) and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) represents the proportion of oxygen breather in among the...
Non-Triggering Anesthetics to Prevent Malignant Hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of anesthesia. It...
